HALLO
Causation, Etiology & Harm
Learning objectives
- •Explain the difference between causality and correlation or association
- •Describe the features of Newcastle-Ottawa scale
Some patients who receive dental implants may experience excessive bone loss, peri-implant bleeding and possibly suppuration and final loss of the implant, in spite of excellent diagnosis, delivery of therapy and adequate recall maintenance. Your patient is concerned that he/she are amongst these, and arrives to you prepared with questions about possible risks.
Which study design would provide best evidence for relating a possible cause to an adverse clinical outcome – e.g. tobacco smoking and implant bone loss?
Which study design do you think provide best evidence for relating a possible cause to an adverse clinical outcome – e.g. tobacco smoking and implant bone loss?
Relevant online resources:
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Optional texts local/national sites:Local ebm resources |