Learning objectives

•Explain the statistical principle for stating null-hypotheses in science

• Explain:
• - P-value
• - Confidence interval
• - Standard error
• - Odds
• - Risk

A brand new fluoride toothpaste has been launched on the marked.

In the promotional material it is claimed that the product versus all other toothpaste brands not only detaches more plaque and calculus and removes better surface staining, but also whitens the enamel and even leaves higher amounts of fluoride residues on the surface for and extensive time. Unfortunately, all data are “on file” and not published. You and your colleagues decide to test whether the claim was true.