Answer:
* An inception cohort of persons, all initially free of the outcome of interest
* Follow-up of patients until the occurrence of either a major study criteria or the end of the study
* A statistical analysis consistent with the study design.
(A cohort of) your adult patients with restored teeth are followed regularly over time – if a large proportion of the zirconia crowns remain intact or acceptable at a defined time-point, you conclude that the intervention is favorable.
This is a prospective study
(A cohort of) your adult patients with restored teeth are recalled for examination. If a large proportion of the zirconia crowns appear to be intact or acceptable, you conclude that the intervention is favorable.
This is a retrospective study
I any case, a few of your patients will have had zirconia crowns for a long time, which you recognize are not necessarily representative for all your patients. The proper approach to analyze both prospective and retrospective data is by use of a statistical approach termed “survival statistics”.